Biblical qualifications for elders and deacons (Part One)

Now in those days, when the number of the disciples was multiplying, there arose a complaint against the Hebrews by the Hellenists, because their widows were neglected in the daily distribution. Then the twelve summoned the multitude of the disciples and said, "It is not desirable that we should leave the word of God and serve tables. Therefore, brethren, seek out from among you seven men of good reputation, full of the Holy Spirit and wisdom, whom we may appoint over this business… Acts 6:1-3 [Hellenists were Greek converts to Judaism.]

Last time we considered the biblical qualifications of deacons as listed in Acts 6:3. This time we will consider the more detailed qualifications as found in 1 Timothy 3 and Titus 1. Before digging in, let us call attention to three points.

First, the list of qualifications for elders in 1 Timothy 3 and Titus 1 are essentially the same. They use different words, but say essentially the same thing.

Second, the list of qualifications for elders and deacons in 1 Timothy 3 are also the same with one obvious difference. Elders must be apt to teach. Deacons are not necessarily teachers, although they can be. This requirement that elders be “apt to teach,” does not mean they must all be orators or pulpiteers. It is, rather, a requirement that they know and and are able to handle God’s Word well enough to lead the congregation biblically—whether in preaching to the entire congregation, leading a smaller Bible study, or in counseling from the Word.

Elders are those who “rule” in the church (1 Timothy 5:17-18, Hebrews 13:17). And as we have previously pointed out, the word “rule” according to Jesus (in Matthew 20:25-28) does not mean rule as rulers in the world do. It means to lead as servants.

Third, note that the qualifications are not physical, based on worldly success, nor do they spell out details of how to lead the church. Instead they are about the character of the man. It appears that if we get the right men, those other details are less important, if not altogether superfluous.

These character qualifications can be divided up into three categories. (1) Personal character. (2) Family order. And (3) Spiritual maturity. We’ll begin to consider those three next time.